There are various
aspects in which boys and men have been overlooked when inequality is being
quantified and measured in the Global South (developing countries). This is
especially true in regions such as the Caribbean, India, Africa, and Latin
America. The disparity among males and females is not a recent phenomenon but
has been occurring since the 1960s. Biased policy discourses, directed by
international organizations and governments, identified women as subjects
facing inequality. To rectify this gender imbalance, these organizations and
governments have allocated funding to programs and training sessions that
target girls and women. Thus, one of the
major causes of the male marginalization is the focus on “correcting” gender
inequality rather than promoting gender equality and gender equity. The
unfortunate consequence is that by the end of the twentieth century, women in
many developing countries had attained socio-economic advantages over men and
boys who were now “invisible”. Many
women have benefitted from more educational opportunities due to the emphasis
on education and this has contributed to increased social mobility.
Unfortunately, this trend has resulted in a gender gap in which gender
imbalance or reverse gender discrimination is accepted as the norm. Even at the
international level, men are given a secondary status. Look at the United
Nations -- there is UNWomen, but no similar arm or body known as UNMen.
The Pan American Health
Organization (PAHO) produced a short brochure entitled Monitoring PAHO’s Gender Equality Plan of Action 2009-2014. The
focus is on the Caribbean and Latin America including Panama, Peru, Mexico,
Bolivia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia and
Nicaragua. On the first page of the
brochure, there is mention that “the Americas is the region with the largest
inequalities” and identified realities that still persist such as women living
longer than men and the grim fact that men faced higher rates of mortality and
premature deaths. One of the significant statements in the conclusion is, “…the
greatest challenge to gender integration in health is political support.” Such
factors as education, health, life expectancy, and social mobility have been
used as indices to measure “progress” and “development”. However, this is an illusion. If these
identical indices are used to gauge progress among men, there are glaring
inequalities. One of the great tragedies is that many do not appreciate the
real meanings of “equity” and “equality”.
Policy makers regularly
use statistics to sensitize the public on selected issues that affect women.
For instance, there would be statistics and media publicity for breast cancer
among Caribbean women. This would be coupled with screening and advice on early
detection. On the contrary, there are no similar and updated statistics on
prostate cancer, hypertension, or diabetes among Caribbean men. Is this a
deliberate omission? Where is the health focus on men? Members of the media
have a crucial role to educate the public on the many emotional, psychological,
and health challenges facing our men and boys.
The issue becomes more
complicated when one considers the flawed manner in which social scientists
have sought to measure social inequality and economic disparity. Likewise,
their proposed solutions have continuously proven to be ineffective in removing
barriers and eliminating the gender gap. These academics have devised solutions
within a political context which they have overlooked, or have been unwilling
to deal with, ideologies and systems as capitalism, religion, and patriarchy
which have perpetuated a considerable part of this historical inequality.
Unraveling this
inequality narrative will reveal the historical bias which has the repercussion
of creating a generation of marginalized, violent, and dysfunctional boys and
men. Illustrations in the Global South include the absence of safe houses,
shelters, and counselors for males who are wrongly perceived by many in society
as strong, independent, and capable of survival. Not surprisingly, institutions
exist for women and girls who are victims of domestic violence. The
visualization of inequality occurs when boys and men are not considered as
being vulnerable to depression or homelessness or victims of rape and domestic
violence. Attempts at interventions and counter-measures to include boys and
men in the inequality debate appear superficial and are often mocked.
Supporters and
coordinators of International Men’s Day must be the watchdogs of any plan or
policy of gender equality and gender equity. This is not a task restricted for
policy makers of nongovernmental organizations. We must intervene and ensure
that the gender gap is permanently closed and never reopened!
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